Cov ntaub ntawv nrum hlau rau lub raj mis iav pwm:
Lub ntsiab tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub khob fwj ua rau tuag yog oxidation (tev tawm, tev tawm, pitting), chamfering thiab deformation. Nplai tev tawg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm daim ntawv ntawm lub khob lub raj mis ua qhov tuag. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau kev pab lub neej ntawm kev tuag yog qhov kub tsis kam ntawm cov khoom siv, uas yog, oxidation tsis kam thiab kev loj hlob tsis kam ntawm cov khoom ntawm kub. Qhov no nyob ntawm matrix hauv lub koom haum. Ntawm-kev pab cuam graphite morphology.
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm tooj liab, chromium, tin thiab lwm yam hauv cov hlau cam khwb cia tuaj yeem txhawb qhov tsim ntawm pearlite, txhim kho qhov nyuaj ntawm cam khwb cia hlau, thiab yog li txhim kho lub anti-chamfering thiab anti-hnav muaj peev xwm ntawm tus tuag. Ntxiv cov roj silicon thiab aluminium ntsiab, zaj duab xis oxide ntom rau saum npoo ntawm Si02 thiab A1203 tuaj yeem tsim, yog li txhim kho qhov tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv oxidation muaj peev xwm ploj tuag.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshiab hlau rau iav lub raj muaj tsawg tin cam khwb cia hlau, tooj liab-chromium cam khwb cia hlau, nruab nrab silicon dilution, nruab nrab silicon-molybdenum-tsawg lub ntiaj teb, tsawg tin vermicular hlau thiab tsawg txhuas vermicular hlau. Piv nrog HT200, lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm iav lub raj mis tuag hlau yog qis dua, thaum uas ntawm cov txhuas vermicular hlau tsawg dua, qhov sib txawv yog li 5 zaug.
